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90. Frage
The owner's budget may not be adequate to pay for the entire project. What method is used to allow flexibility in the event that the budget is exceeded by the bids?
Antwort: B
Begründung:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract (CSI-aligned, paraphrased) CSI describes several techniques in the procurement documents to manage cost uncertainty. When the owner is concerned that the project may exceed the budget when bids are received, the most common tool to allow scope flexibility is the use of alternates.
Alternates (often called "bid alternates"):
* Are defined variations in the work (additions or deletions) that bidders price separately from the base bid.
* Can be additive (additional scope that can be accepted if the budget allows) or deductive (scope that can be removed to reduce cost if needed).
* Give the owner the ability, after seeing the base bids, to accept or reject alternates to bring the project within the available budget without redesigning the entire project.
This fits the scenario in the question exactly: the owner anticipates that the budget may be tight and wants a mechanism to adjust the final contract amount if bids come in high.
Why the other options are not the primary CSI method for this budget-flexibility issue:
* A. Cash allowanceAn allowance is a set amount included in the contract sum to cover a defined but not fully specified portion of the work (e.g., artwork, specialty items). It helps manage scope uncertainty, but it doesn't systematically provide a way to reduce overall cost after bids in the same way alternates do.
* B. Quantity allowanceThis is a form of allowance tied to a presumed quantity (e.g., rock excavation).
It addresses uncertain quantities, not overall budget flexibility in the bidding process.
* C. Unit pricingUnit prices provide fixed prices per unit (e.g., per cubic meter, per square meter) for work items whose final quantities are uncertain. They are useful for adjustments after contract award as quantities change, but they are not the primary tool for adjusting total scope to meet the owner's budget at bid time.
Therefore, the CSI-aligned answer for allowing flexibility when bids may exceed the budget is:
* D. Alternates
Key CSI-Related References (titles only, no links):
* CSI Project Delivery Practice Guide - procurement and pricing strategies, including alternates and allowances.
* CSI Construction Specifications Practice Guide - Division 01 sections on Alternates, Unit Prices, and Allowances.
* CSI CDT Study Materials - explanations of bid alternates and their role in controlling project cost.
91. Frage
Where can you typically find requirements for temporary toilet facilities?
Antwort: A
92. Frage
Which of the following statements best describes stakeholder and participant interest in a project?
Antwort: C
Begründung:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract (CSI-aligned, paraphrased) In CSI/CDT terminology, there is an important distinction between participants and stakeholders in a project:
* Project participants are those who are formally part of the project delivery process, typically through a contractual or professional role. Examples: the owner, architect/engineer, contractor, and sometimes construction manager, commissioning authority, or key consultants. They:
* Have direct responsibilities for planning, designing, constructing, administering, or managing the facility.
* Are directly affected by project decisions and outcomes under the contracts and agreements.
* Stakeholders are a broader group of parties who have an interest in the project, but many of them are not directly involved in performing the work or administering the contract. Examples include:
* Users/occupants
* Neighbors and surrounding community
* Authorities having jurisdiction (from a public-interest standpoint)
* Facility management staff, investors, or the general public
Their interest is often indirect-they are affected by the project's performance, appearance, safety, cost, or impact, but they are not all active participants in day-to-day project execution or contract administration.
Because of this CSI distinction:
* Participants # direct interests (active roles)
* Stakeholders # often indirect interests (affected by, but not always performing, the work) That matches Option A: Participants have direct interest in the project while stakeholders have indirect interest.
Key CSI-Related References (titles only, no links):
* CSI Project Delivery Practice Guide - discussions of project participants vs. stakeholders and their roles throughout the facility life cycle.
* CSI CDT Exam Study Materials - sections defining owner, design professional, contractor as participants, and users/community as stakeholders.
93. Frage
Under the design-bid-build project delivery, what is the next step after the procurement phase has ended to award the contract for construction?
Antwort: C
Begründung:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract (CSI-based)
In Design-Bid-Build (DBB), CSI describes a clear, linear sequence of phases:
* Programming and design
* Procurement (bidding/negotiation and selection of contractor)
* Award of the construction contract
* Construction
At the end of the procurement phase, the owner has received and evaluated bids, determined the successful bidder, and is ready to award the contract. CSI's project delivery guidance explains that the award step typically involves:
* Issuing a Notice of Award or letter of intent to the successful bidder; and/or
* Forwarding the owner-contractor agreement (and other contract forms) for execution.
Only after this step do the parties fully execute the contract and the owner issues a Notice to Proceed, marking the official start of the construction phase. This matches Option D:
The owner issues a letter of intent or forwards the owner-contractor agreement to the successful bidder.
Why the other options are incorrect:
* A. The contractor begins negotiating agreements with subcontractors.Subcontractor negotiations and subcontracts typically occur after the contractor has been formally awarded and has a binding contract with the owner. This is not the immediate step that awards the contract for construction.
* B. The owner forwards construction contract agreements to subcontractors.The owner's contract is with the prime contractor, not with subcontractors. Subcontracts are between the prime contractor and subcontractors. The owner does not award contracts directly to subs in standard DBB.
* C. The contractor and owner issue an amendment indicating the project is in the construction phase.There is normally no "amendment" to enter the construction phase. The project enters the construction phase upon execution of the owner-contractor agreement and issuance of the Notice to Proceed, not by amendment.
Key CSI References (titles only):
* CSI Project Delivery Practice Guide - chapters on Design-Bid-Build and the Procurement and Contract Award processes.
* CSI Construction Specifications Practice Guide - discussions on contract formation and Notice of Award/Notice to Proceed.
* CSI CDT Body of Knowledge - "Project Delivery Methods" and "Procurement and Award of Contract."
94. Frage
Which construction agreement provision establishes the duration of the work or a specific date when the owner can occupy the project completely or partially for its intended use?
Antwort: C
95. Frage
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